中文摘要:

通过绘制我国有尾两栖类的地理分布图，分析该类群的地理分布格局与可能的起源和扩散路线。研究结果表明，有尾两栖类在我国的地理分布格局，有三个关键区域：1. 位于长江上游的、有尾两栖类物种丰富度最高的横断山区，是有尾两栖类的分布中心，该区域很可能亦为有尾两栖类的起源中心及主要特化中心;2. 三个次级分布与特化中心，大别山-淮河流域区、南岭-珠江流域区、浙闽山地-江南水乡区;3. 四个小型的三级分布与特化中心，台琼海岛区、东北长白山-三江流域区、秦巴山地-汉江渭河流域区、天山-伊犁河流域区。另外，该类群可能的迁移和扩散路线可归纳为：沿着各水系，从分布中心分别向东西南北四个方向迁移和扩散，其中以向北和向东为主，向南和向西扩散的种类较少。向北扩散的主要是小鲵科(Hynobiidae)的一些种类，向东扩散的种类则以蝾螈科(Salamandridae)物种为主。广布于我国东部的隐鳃鲵科(Cryptobranchidae)种类，极可能是该类群向北和向东这两个方向扩散的结果。研究结果表明，东亚两栖动物区系具有明显的整体性，即东亚两栖动物区系是单源的、本地起源的。本项研究结果支持中国日本界假说。

英文摘要:

Biogeographic maps of Urodela in China was drawn with DIVA-GIS7.5.0 software, and based on which, the distribution pattern and dispersal routes of Urodela were analyzed. The distribution pattern of Urodela in China can be concluded as the following (Fig. 3): 1. Hengduan Mountains, with the highest Urodela abundances, is the most probable center of origin; 2. Three secondary distribution centers, i.e. the areas between Dabie Mountains and Huaihe River, the areas between Nanling mountains and Pearl River, the areas between Wuyi mountains and Yangtze River; 3. Four third-class, small distribution centers: (1) Hainan island and Taiwan island, (2) areas between Changbai Mountains and Sanjiang Rivers, (3) areas between Qinling, Bashan mountainous region and Hanjiang, Weihe River watershed, and (4) the areas between Tianshan Mountains and Ili River valley. In detail, nine distribution pattern types were concluded from biogeographic maps: ① North Palaearctic distribution pattern (Fig. 2); ② Core distribution pattern (Fig. 3); ③ Northeast-Southwest distribution pattern (Fig. 4); ④ Between Yangtze-Pearl River watershed distribution pattern (Fig. 5); ⑤ South-East adjacent-sea distribution pattern (Fig. 6); ⑥ Hengduanshan mountainous area distribution pattern (Fig. 7); ⑦ Indo-East-Himalaya distribution pattern (Fig. 8); ⑧ Tianshan-Altai distribution pattern (Fig. 9); ⑨ East China-widespread distribution pattern (Fig. 10). The dispersal routes of Urodela in East Asia were the following: the species dispersed towards four directions respectively, i.e. dispersed northward, eastward, and southward and westward from the origin center along the rivers, and most of the Urodela species dispersed northward and eastward, though there were a few species migrated southward and westward. More specifically, the majority of the species dispersed northward were Hynobiidae, and the majority moved eastward were Salamandridae species. However, Cryptobranchidae, the widespread family of Urodela in eastern China, is probably the result of northward and eastward dispersal. The results also support the Sino-Japanese Realm hypothesis.